{"id":4624,"date":"2020-08-30T23:13:09","date_gmt":"2020-08-30T17:43:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swatisani.net\/blog\/?p=4624"},"modified":"2020-08-31T09:33:58","modified_gmt":"2020-08-31T04:03:58","slug":"urdu-poetry-and-tradition-of-marsia-goi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swatisani.net\/blog\/2020\/08\/30\/urdu-poetry-and-tradition-of-marsia-goi\/","title":{"rendered":"Urdu poetry and the tradition of Marsiya Goi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Marsiya is an elegiac poem of mourning written when someone close, someone much loved dies. Urdu literature has a rich tradition of Marsiya goi.<\/span><\/p>\n

There are two types of marasi. The riwayati marsiya, one that is written to commemorate the martyrdom of Imam Hussain and his family and friends in the battle of Karbala which was fought on the 10th of October 680 AD; and\u00a0<\/span>Shaksi marsiya – a marsia written on a person\u2019s death by his follower, admirer or a loved one. Marsiya-e-Gopal Krishna Gokhle by Brij Narayan Chakbast, Marsia-e-Daag by Allama Iqbal, Marsiyae-Gandhi by Majaz Lucknowi, A marsiya written by Mirza Ghalib after the demise of his elder brother, Jan Nisar Akhtar\u2019s marsia written on the demise of his wife, Safiya are shaksi marasi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The earliest marasi are reported from the 16th century Deccan in the deewan of Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah. However, the riwayati marsiya writing began in Lucknow somewhere around the 17th century.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n

The battle of Karbala was fought at Karbala (central Iraq) between a small group of people that included men, women, old and young;\u00a0 lead by Husayn Ibn Ali against the huge army of Yazid, the second Umayyad Khalifa (Caliph).\u00a0 Several hundred centuries later, the shadow of the events that took place on the grounds of Karbala still influences the Urdu literary tradition in India and that is simply because of the power of narration of poets like Mir Anis, Mirza Dabeer, Ali Hyder, Josh Malihabadi and several others.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A typical riwayati marsia has a preamble (tamheed), portrait or description of the character (chehera), description of the physical qualities of the character (sarapa), departure for the battle (rukhsat), his arrival on the battlefield (aamad), the character\u2019s declaration of his noble ancestry and his superiority (rajaz), the battle (jang) the martyrdom (shahadat) and lamentations (bain).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The heart-wrenching description of the battlefield, the thirst, the helplessness at rukhsat, and the pain of losing dear ones, and the resolve to stand by the truth moves the reader of a marsiya and one can not help but shed a tear.<\/span><\/p>\n

I leave you with some lines by Mir Anees.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The caravan is departing for Kufa from Madina, Hazarat Sugra is ill, she can not travel and and has to stay back at Madina.\u00a0 She is lamenting that she may loose her brothers in the war when her mother tells her:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092e\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u0940 \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0938\u0941\u095a\u0930\u093e \u0924\u093f\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093c\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0902\u00a0<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0918\u092c\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e \u0905\u092c \u0924\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0902<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u092c\u0947\u0915\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0940 \u0924\u0947\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0932\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0939\u092c\u093e\u0902<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0938\u0947\u0939\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0924\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0930 \u0906\u0901<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u0941\u0926\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u091f\u093e<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0915\u0941\u0928\u094d\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u091f\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

The caravan reaches close to Kufa and there is a standoff. A battle is imminent. Mir Anees describes the morning scene at the battlefield of\u00a0 karbala<\/span><\/p>\n

\u091a\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0935\u094b \u092c\u093e\u0926-\u090f-\u0938\u0941\u092c\u094d\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u091d\u094b\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u092e-\u092c-\u0926\u092e<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u092e\u0930\u095a\u093e\u0928-\u090f-\u092c\u093e\u095a \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094b \u0916\u093c\u0941\u0936-\u0905\u0932\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u0939\u092e<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0935\u094b \u0906\u092c-\u0913-\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0928\u0939\u0930 \u0935\u094b \u092e\u094c\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0947\u091a-\u0913-\u0959\u092e<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0939\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093e \u091c\u093c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0928\u093e \u0915\u092e<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0916\u093e \u0916\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0913\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092c\u094d\u091c\u093c\u093e \u0939\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0925\u093e \u092e\u094b\u0924\u0940\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u092e\u0928-\u090f-\u0938\u0939\u0930\u093e \u092d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906<\/span><\/p>\n

And the scene where after offering the namaz, the men are ready to fight knowing what the outcome is going to be.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092c\u095c\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0924\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u091f\u0947\u0915 \u091f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092c \u0909\u0920 \u0916\u095c\u0947\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

And the drama at the battlefield, describing the army of Yazid\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0918\u094b\u095c\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0930\u093e\u092c \u0938\u092c \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0930<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u090a\u0902\u091f \u0918\u093e\u091f \u092a\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0901\u0927\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0958\u0924\u093e\u0930<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u092a\u0940\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0906\u092c-\u090f-\u0928\u0939\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0947 \u0906 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u0936\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u095b\u092e\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u091b\u093f\u095c\u0915\u093e\u0913 \u092c\u093e\u0930-\u092c\u093e\u0930<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u093e\u092e-\u0913-\u0926\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0935\u093e\u092c \u0925\u093e<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0907\u0915 \u0907\u092c\u0928 \u095e\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0958\u0939\u0924-\u090f-\u0906\u092c \u0925\u093e<\/span><\/p>\n

A description of the attack by spears on Hazarat Abbas<\/span><\/p>\n

\u092f\u0942\u0902 \u092c\u0930\u091b\u0940\u092f\u0949\u0902 \u0925\u0940\u0902 \u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0930\u095e \u0907\u0938 \u091c\u0928\u093e\u092c \u0915\u0947<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0928\u00a0 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0926 \u0906\u095e\u0924\u093e\u092c \u0915\u0947<\/span><\/p>\n

And when Imam Hussain is ready to leave for the battle he says<\/span><\/p>\n

\u091c\u093f\u0938 \u0935\u0958\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u091c\u093c\u092c\u0939 \u0915\u0930\u0947 \u095e\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093c\u093e-\u090f-\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0930\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0928\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u093e\u095b \u0924\u0941\u092e\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u092c\u0947-\u0938\u092c\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0936\u0940\u0935\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0901-\u0913-\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u091c\u094b \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u094d\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0916\u093c\u0941\u0926\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u0938\u093f\u0924\u092e , \u0930\u0916\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0928\u095b\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0916\u093c\u0941\u0926\u093e \u092a\u0930<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0907\u0938 \u091c\u093c\u0941\u0932\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0938\u093e\u095e \u0939\u0948 \u0905\u092c \u0930\u094b\u095b-\u090f-\u091c\u095b\u093e \u092a\u0930<\/span><\/p>\n

And the prayer of Zaynaib after the martyrdom\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092c \u0905\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u093e \u0930\u0938\u0942\u0932 \u095e\u0932\u0915 \u0935\u0915\u093c\u093e\u0930<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0918\u0930 \u0932\u0941\u091f \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0917\u0941\u091c\u093c\u0930 \u0917\u0908\u0902 \u0959\u093e\u0924\u0942\u0928-\u090f-\u0930\u094b\u091c\u093c\u0917\u093e\u0930<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0905\u092e\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0930\u094b\u0908 \u0939\u0941\u0938\u0948\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0938\u094b\u0917\u0935\u093e\u0930<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0926\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092c \u0939\u0938\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u093e \u092f\u093e\u0926\u0917\u093e\u0930<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0924\u094b \u0926\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0926\u093e\u0932\u0924 \u092a\u0928\u093e\u0939 \u0939\u0948<\/span>
\n<\/span>\u0915\u0941\u091b \u0909\u0938\u092a\u0947 \u092c\u0928 \u0917\u0908 \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0947 \u092e\u091c\u092e\u093e \u0924\u092c\u093e\u0939 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/p>\n

Cover Photo: Mir_Anees_in_Hyderabad_in_1871_reciting_marsia<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Marsiya is an elegiac poem of mourning written when someone close, someone much loved dies. Urdu literature has a rich tradition of Marsiya goi. There are two types of marasi. The riwayati marsiya, one that is written to commemorate the martyrdom of Imam Hussain and his family and friends in the battle of Karbala which … Continue reading Urdu poetry and the tradition of Marsiya Goi<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4626,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1,34],"tags":[451,452,274,403,23],"class_list":["post-4624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chronicles","category-mywritings","tag-marsiya","tag-mir-anees","tag-urdu-adab","tag-urdu-literature","tag-urdu-poetry"],"yoast_head":"\nUrdu poetry and the tradition of Marsiya Goi - Swati's Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/swatisani.net\/blog\/2020\/08\/30\/urdu-poetry-and-tradition-of-marsia-goi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Urdu poetry and the tradition of Marsiya Goi - Swati's Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Marsiya is an elegiac poem of mourning written when someone close, someone much loved dies. 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